Utamakan Adab Sebelum Mencari Ilmu

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Sabda Rasulullah menegaskan hal itu, 'sesungguhnya aku diutus untuk menyempurnakan akhlak mulia." Imam Malik bin Anas adalah salah satu ulama besar. Beliau adalah guru dari Imam Syafi`i dan sahabat berdiskusi Imam Abu Hanifa. Semua kejeniusan Imam Malik tidak lepas dari peran ibunya. Ibunya ingin agar Imam Malik menjadi seorang ulama, maka ia mengirimnya untuk belajar di rumah seorang ulama besar bernama Rabi`ah biin Abdurrahman.

Sebelum berangkat ibunya berpesan "pelajarilah adab Syaikh Rabi`ah sebelum belajar ilmu darinya." Adab memiliki kedudukan yang sangat tinggi dalam menuntut ilmu , terlihat dari kisah Abdurrahman bin Al-Qasim, salah satu murid Imam Malik. Ia bercerita bahwa "aku mengabdi kepada Imam Malik selama 20 tahun, 2 tahun diantaranya untuk mempelajari ilmu dan 18 tahun untuk mempelajari adab. seandainya saja aku bisa jadikan seluh waktu tersebut untuk mempelajari adab (tentu aku lakukan)."

Begitu pentingnya adab dalam diri seseorang sehingga ulama berkata "belajar satu bab adab lebih baik daripada engkau belajar 70 bab ilmu." Terdapat kisah, suatu hari Ubay bin Ka'ab sedang menggunggu kendaraan, maka Ibnu Abbas (saudara sepupu nabi) segera mengambil hewan kendaraannya agar Ubay bin Ka'ab menaikannya kemudian Ibnu Abbas berjalan bersamanya.

Maka berkatalah Ubay bin Ka'ab kepadanya, "Apa ini, Wahai Ibnu Abbas?", Ibnu Abbas menjawab, "Beginilah kami diperintahkan untuk meghormati ulama kami." Ubay menaiki kendaraan sedangkan Ibnu Abbas berjalan dibelakang hewan kendaraannya. Ketika turun, Ubay bin Ka'ab mencium tangan Ibnu Abbas. Lalu Ibnu Abbas bertanya, "apa ini?"

Ubay bin Ka'ab menjawab, "Begitulah kami diperintahkan untuk menghormati keluarga Nabi kami." Adab merupakan pondasi agama. Orang yang beradab akan dicintai masyarakat, orang yang tidak beradab hidupnya tidak diberkahi Allah dan ilmunya juga tidak bermanfaat. Sekarang kita berada pada suatu zaman degradasi moral, mereka hanya mengutamakan memperbanyak ilmu, hafalan dan membaca saja namun meremehkan adab atau sopan santun.

Ibnu Mubarak mengatakan, "Barangsiapa meremehkan adab, niscaya dihukum dengan tidak memiliki hal-hal sunnah. Barang siapa meremehkan sunnah-sunnah, niscaya dihukum dengan tidak memiliki (tidak mengerjakan) hal-hal yang wajib. Dan barang siapa meremehkan hal-hal yang wajib, niscaya dihukum dengan tidak memiliki makrifah." Wallahu a`lam.

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